Manejo de bovinos em abatedouros frigoríficos do maranhão: características do pré-abate à insensibilização

Abstract

RESUMO: O Maranhão vem se destacando na produção de carne bovina, o que tem gerado empregos e movimentado capital em várias etapas, desde a venda de insumos até o processamento da carne. Para melhorar a qualidade do produto, são necessárias ações como capacitação de mão-de-obra, melhorias nas instalações e manejo que evite traumas e dores nos animais, garantindo as cinco liberdades animais que consistem em: livre de fome e sede, livre de dor e doença, livre de desconforto físico e térmico, livre de medo e estresse e que estes consigam expressar seu comportamento natural. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho analisar as condições do manejo do pré-abate a insensibilização bovina nos abatedouros frigoríficos sob Serviço de Inspeção Estadual (SIE) do estado do Maranhão. Os questionários foram aplicados em sete abatedouros frigoríficos sob SIE destinados ao abate de bovinos, entre de dezembro de 2023 e maio de 2024. A pesquisa foi exploratória e descritiva, analisando fatores de manejo de pré-abate e abate bovino. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevistas on-line com um questionário estruturado de 31 perguntas que foi dividido em cinco eixos: identificação, aspectos gerais, método de insensibilização utilizado, manejo e bem-estar dos bovinos, e instalações. Ao avaliar o bem-estar animal (BEA), 71,4% (n=5) dos estabelecimentos afirmaram não haver quaisquer elementos de distração durante a condução dos animais; 42,9% (n=3) informaram que a ocorrência de escorregões ou quedas é de 0-25% dos animais e 71,4% (n=5) afirmaram que 0- 25% dos bovinos vocalizam durante o manejo. Ao avaliar a insensibilização, 57,1% (n=4) afirmaram que 51-75% dos animais são insensibilizados com apenas um disparo; 57,1% (n=4) afirmaram que as falhas durante uma má insensibilização são causadas por uma má pontaria e 6 (seis) dos estabelecimentos afirmaram que 0-25% dos animais apresentam sinal de correção de postura falhas durante uma má insensibilização. Ao avaliar as instalações, 71,4% (n=5) afirmaram que os currais de matança possuem paredes fechadas nas laterais; 85,7% (n=6) afirmaram possuir bebedouros nos currais de matança e 85,7% (n=6) afirmaram não ter poças de água ou buracos nos pisos. Os abatedouros frigoríficos neste estudo ainda não atendem todas as exigências previstas nas legislações vigentes, referente aos aspectos de manejo pré-abate e bem-estar animal. Apresentando-se de forma bem distinta quanto a capacidade de produção, e organização mediante aos programas de autocontrole.__ABSTRACT Maranhão has been excelling in beef production, which has generated jobs and moved capital at various stages, from the sale of inputs to meat processing. To improve product quality, actions such as workforce training, improvements in facilities and management that avoid trauma and pain in animals are necessary, guaranteeing the five animal freedoms which consist of: freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from pain and illness, free from physical and thermal discomfort, free from fear and stress and that they are able to express their natural behavior. The objective of this work was to analyze the conditions of pre-slaughter management and bovine stunning in slaughterhouses under the State Inspection Service (SIE) in the state of Maranhão. The questionnaires were applied in seven slaughterhouses under SIE intended for the slaughter of cattle, between December 2023 and May 2024. The research was exploratory and descriptive, analyzing pre-slaughter and cattle slaughter management factors. Data collection was done through online interviews with a structured questionnaire of 31 questions that was divided into five axes: identification, general aspects, stunning method used, management and welfare of cattle, and facilities. When evaluating animal welfare (BEA), 71.4% (n=5) of establishments stated that there were no elements of distraction when driving animals; 42.9% (n=3) reported that the occurrence of slips or falls is 0-25% of animals and 71.4% (n=5) stated that 0-25% of cattle vocalize during handling. When evaluating stunning, 57.1% (n=4) stated that 51-75% of animals are stunned with just one shot; 57.1% (n=4) stated that failures during poor stunning are caused by poor aim and 6 (six) of the establishments stated that 0-25% of animals show signs of posture correction failures during poor stunning. When evaluating the facilities, 71.4% (n=5) stated that the slaughter pens have closed walls on the sides; 85.7% (n=6) stated that they had drinking fountains in the slaughter pens and 85.7% (n=6) stated that there were no puddles of water or holes in the floors. The refrigerated slaughterhouses in this study still do not meet all the requirements set out in current legislation, regarding aspects of pre-slaughter management and animal welfare. Presenting itself very differently in terms of production capacity and organization through self-control programs.ABSTRACT Maranhão has been excelling in beef production, which has generated jobs and moved capital at various stages, from the sale of inputs to meat processing. To improve product quality, actions such as workforce training, improvements in facilities and management that avoid trauma and pain in animals are necessary, guaranteeing the five animal freedoms which consist of: freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from pain and illness, free from physical and thermal discomfort, free from fear and stress and that they are able to express their natural behavior. The objective of this work was to analyze the conditions of pre-slaughter management and bovine stunning in slaughterhouses under the State Inspection Service (SIE) in the state of Maranhão. The questionnaires were applied in seven slaughterhouses under SIE intended for the slaughter of cattle, between December 2023 and May 2024. The research was exploratory and descriptive, analyzing pre-slaughter and cattle slaughter management factors. Data collection was done through online interviews with a structured questionnaire of 31 questions that was divided into five axes: identification, general aspects, stunning method used, management and welfare of cattle, and facilities. When evaluating animal welfare (BEA), 71.4% (n=5) of establishments stated that there were no elements of distraction when driving animals; 42.9% (n=3) reported that the occurrence of slips or falls is 0-25% of animals and 71.4% (n=5) stated that 0-25% of cattle vocalize during handling. When evaluating stunning, 57.1% (n=4) stated that 51-75% of animals are stunned with just one shot; 57.1% (n=4) stated that failures during poor stunning are caused by poor aim and 6 (six) of the establishments stated that 0-25% of animals show signs of posture correction failures during poor stunning. When evaluating the facilities, 71.4% (n=5) stated that the slaughter pens have closed walls on the sides; 85.7% (n=6) stated that they had drinking fountains in the slaughter pens and 85.7% (n=6) stated that there were no puddles of water or holes in the floors. The refrigerated slaughterhouses in this study still do not meet all the requirements set out in current legislation, regarding aspects of pre-slaughter management and animal welfare. Presenting itself very differently in terms of production capacity and organization through self-control programs.